Blog Posts

Sometimes a string contains multiple consecutive spaces, which may be undesirable for further processing. Our goal is therefore to transform the string so that every sequence of two or more...

Battleship is one of the best-known board games and has long been adapted into numerous digital versions that let players compete against a computer-controlled opponent. This article presents a Python...

Let’s write a function that checks whether, in a given text, every opening parenthesis has a matching closing parenthesis, and whether no closing parenthesis appears before its corresponding opening parenthesis....

In Python, every object has a logical truth value. This means that any object can be evaluated in a Boolean context. You can directly check an object’s truth value (also...

Let’s assume that we have a prebuilt, imported class named Account that models a bank account. We know only its documentation and public attributes, but we do not know anything...

Suppose our program needs to perform an operation that significantly increases execution time, and moreover, this operation must be performed repeatedly. If the operation is deterministic — meaning that for...

Objects bundle together logically related data (which describe the state of the object) and callable objects that operate on that data, namely methods. This is known as “encapsulation”. For objects...

The short answer is yes. The real question is how. The reason why this topic is interesting is that when we talk about closures, we usually think of a single...

Sometimes we need to create copies of objects. At first glance, this might not seem particularly exciting. However, when it comes to compound objects, a few important questions arise. We...

In the previous post, we mentioned that one of the many use cases of closures is the creation of decorators. You get a function decorator by passing a function object...